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Block：修订间差异
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Data is permanently recorded in the Bitcoin network through '''blocks'''. Each block contains all recent [[transactions]], a [[nonce]] (random number), and the [[hash]] of the previous block. A block is "solved" (published and considered valid by peers) when the SHA-256 hash of the entire block is below the current [[target]]. This is very unlikely to occur after being hashed only once, so the nonce must be incremented and the block re-hashed millions of times until it does. | Bitcoin网络中的数据永久记录在'''block''中。每个block都记录了最近的交易，一个[[nonce]]随机数，和它之前的block的散列值。当block的SHA-256散列值低于当前target时，它就“完成”了。一次散列计算就完成block的可能性很低，因此需要对nonce增量重新计算block散列直至完成。 | ||
<!-- Data is permanently recorded in the Bitcoin network through '''blocks'''. Each block contains all recent [[transactions]], a [[nonce]] (random number), and the [[hash]] of the previous block. A block is "solved" (published and considered valid by peers) when the SHA-256 hash of the entire block is below the current [[target]]. This is very unlikely to occur after being hashed only once, so the nonce must be incremented and the block re-hashed millions of times until it does. --> | |||
Bitcoin transactions are broadcast to the [[network]] by the sender, and all peers generating coins collect them and add them to the block they're working on. If the transaction is much larger than the average transaction size, a small [[transaction fee]] may be charged. | Bitcoin交易发生时，交易发起者会将这个交易广播到整个网络，所有铸币端都收集这一信息并将其加入正在生成的block中。如果交易量相比平均交易量大很多，则这笔交易可能被收取一定费用。 | ||
<!-- Bitcoin transactions are broadcast to the [[network]] by the sender, and all peers generating coins collect them and add them to the block they're working on. If the transaction is much larger than the average transaction size, a small [[transaction fee]] may be charged. --> | |||
The first transaction in the block is special: it creates new [[Bitcoins]] for the person who generated it. Other peers will only accept the block if this transaction is of the correct amount. The number of [[Bitcoins]] generated per block starts at 50 and is halved every 210,000 blocks (about four years). | block中的第一笔交易是特殊的：它为生成这个block的人创造新的比特币。仅当这笔交易的数量正确的时候，其他的端才会接受这个block。每个block生成的比特币数量是50，每生成210000个block(大约需要4年)，这个数字减半。 | ||
<!-- The first transaction in the block is special: it creates new [[Bitcoins]] for the person who generated it. Other peers will only accept the block if this transaction is of the correct amount. The number of [[Bitcoins]] generated per block starts at 50 and is halved every 210,000 blocks (about four years). --> | |||
The network tries to create 6 blocks per hour. Every 2016 blocks (about two weeks), all Bitcoin clients compare the actual number created with this goal and modify the target by the percentage that it varied. This increases (or decreases) the difficulty of generating blocks. | 网络预期每小时生成6个block。每生成2016个block(约花费2星期)，所有Bitcoin客户端将目标与实际生成数量做比较，并改变target。这将增加或降低生成block的难度 | ||
<!-- The network tries to create 6 blocks per hour. Every 2016 blocks (about two weeks), all Bitcoin clients compare the actual number created with this goal and modify the target by the percentage that it varied. This increases (or decreases) the difficulty of generating blocks. --> | |||
The client accepts the 'longest' chain of blocks as valid. The 'length' of the entire [[block chain]] refers to the chain with the most combined difficulty, not the one with the most blocks. This prevents someone from forking the chain and creating a large number of low-difficulty blocks, and having it accepted by the network as 'longest'. | 客户端会接受“最长”的block链。block链的长度是指链的累积计算难度，最长的链是累计计算难度最高的链，而非包含最多block的链。这可以防止攻击者生成大量低难度block并将其接在链上被网络接受。 | ||
<!-- The client accepts the 'longest' chain of blocks as valid. The 'length' of the entire [[block chain]] refers to the chain with the most combined difficulty, not the one with the most blocks. This prevents someone from forking the chain and creating a large number of low-difficulty blocks, and having it accepted by the network as 'longest'. --> | |||
== Common Questions about Blocks == | == 关于block的常见问题 == | ||
<!-- === Common Questions about Blocks === --> | |||
=== 总共有多少block？ === | |||
[http://blockexplorer.com/q/getblockcount 目前的block总数] | |||
<!-- === How many blocks are there? === | |||
[http://blockexplorer.com/q/getblockcount Current block count] --> | |||
=== | === block的最大编号是多少？ === | ||
block编号没有上限。平均每10分钟链上增加一个block | |||
=== | ==== 全部2100万比特币都生成出来之后也没有(编号上限)吗？ ==== | ||
没有。block的作用是证实交易。全部比特币生成后人们仍然可以交易，只要还有人在用比特币交易block就会继续生成。 | |||
<!-- ==== Even when all 21 million coins have been generated? ==== | |||
Yes. The blocks are for proving that transactions existed at a particular time. Transactions will still occur once all the coins have been generated, so blocks will still be created as long as people are trading Bitcoins. --> | |||
==== | === 生成一个block需要花费我多少时间？ === | ||
无法准确预知。这个[[生成计算器|计算器]]能够告诉你可能花费的时间。 | |||
<!-- === How long will it take me to generate a block? === | |||
No-one can say exactly. There is a [[Generation Calculator|generation calculator]] that will tell you how long it '''might''' take. --> | |||
=== | 是否能够得知生成block的进度？ | ||
不能。在block完成前不会有确定的进度。成功生成一个block的几率与已经用于生成这个block的时间无关。 | |||
<!-- === What if I'm 1% towards calculating a block and...? === | |||
There's no such thing as being 1% towards solving a block. You don't make progress towards solving it. After working on it for 24 hours, your chances of solving it are equal to what your chances were at the start or at any moment. --> | |||
这有点像一次抛37枚硬币，使每个硬币都正面都朝上。每次你成功的几率是一样的。 | |||
<!-- It's like trying to flip 37 coins at once and have them all come up heads. Each time you try, your chances of success are the same. --> | |||
=== 我在哪里能了解更多技术细节？ === | |||
在[[block散列算法]]页面有更多技术细节。 | |||
<!-- === Where can I find more technical detail? === | |||
There is more technical detail on the [[block hashing algorithm]] page. --> | |||
== | ==参看== | ||
[http://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/File:Total_bitcoins_over_time_graph.png 比特币总量增长曲线] | |||
<!-- * [http://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/File:Total_bitcoins_over_time_graph.png Total Bitcoins Over Time] --> | |||
<!-- {{fromold|block}} --> | |||
[[Category:技术]] | |||
[[Category:术语]] | |||
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[[fr:Blocs]][[en:Blocks]] | [[fr:Blocs]][[en:Blocks]] | ||
2011年6月7日 (二) 03:22的最新版本
Bitcoin网络中的数据永久记录在'block中。每个block都记录了最近的交易，一个nonce随机数，和它之前的block的散列值。当block的SHA-256散列值低于当前target时，它就“完成”了。一次散列计算就完成block的可能性很低，因此需要对nonce增量重新计算block散列直至完成。
Bitcoin交易发生时，交易发起者会将这个交易广播到整个网络，所有铸币端都收集这一信息并将其加入正在生成的block中。如果交易量相比平均交易量大很多，则这笔交易可能被收取一定费用。
block中的第一笔交易是特殊的：它为生成这个block的人创造新的比特币。仅当这笔交易的数量正确的时候，其他的端才会接受这个block。每个block生成的比特币数量是50，每生成210000个block(大约需要4年)，这个数字减半。
网络预期每小时生成6个block。每生成2016个block(约花费2星期)，所有Bitcoin客户端将目标与实际生成数量做比较，并改变target。这将增加或降低生成block的难度
客户端会接受“最长”的block链。block链的长度是指链的累积计算难度，最长的链是累计计算难度最高的链，而非包含最多block的链。这可以防止攻击者生成大量低难度block并将其接在链上被网络接受。
关于block的常见问题
总共有多少block？
block的最大编号是多少？
block编号没有上限。平均每10分钟链上增加一个block
全部2100万比特币都生成出来之后也没有(编号上限)吗？
没有。block的作用是证实交易。全部比特币生成后人们仍然可以交易，只要还有人在用比特币交易block就会继续生成。
生成一个block需要花费我多少时间？
无法准确预知。这个计算器能够告诉你可能花费的时间。
是否能够得知生成block的进度？ 不能。在block完成前不会有确定的进度。成功生成一个block的几率与已经用于生成这个block的时间无关。
这有点像一次抛37枚硬币，使每个硬币都正面都朝上。每次你成功的几率是一样的。
我在哪里能了解更多技术细节？
在block散列算法页面有更多技术细节。
